In June 2013, former NSA contractor Edward Snowden revealed classified information about the U.S. government's surveillance programs. His disclosures, made to journalists Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, exposed the extent of the NSA’s data collection efforts, including the bulk collection of phone records and internet metadata.
Snowden’s revelations sparked a global debate over privacy, security, and government overreach. The leaks led to discussions about the balance between national security and individual freedoms, with critics arguing that the surveillance programs violated constitutional rights and international privacy standards.
The U.S. government faced scrutiny and criticism for its surveillance practices, prompting reforms and increased oversight. The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board conducted an investigation, leading to recommendations for limiting surveillance activities. The European Union also reassessed its data-sharing agreements with the U.S., leading to discussions about data protection and privacy laws.
Snowden, who sought asylum in Russia, became a polarizing figure. Supporters viewed him as a whistleblower who exposed governmental overreach, while critics saw him as a traitor who jeopardized national security. The long-term impact of his revelations continues to influence discussions about surveillance and privacy.